The Z22 was the first computer developed by Konrad Zuse's company that used vacuum tubes. Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tube with three electrodes (called a triode) and its capability of electronic amplification that made these technologies widespread and practical.Įlectronic logic gates can be build with vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes were critical to the development of electronic technology, which drove the expansion and commercialization of radio broadcasting, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control. Vacuum tubes are thus used for rectification, amplification, switching, or similar processing or creation of electrical signals. Thus, it allows the device to act as an electronic amplifier. If a signal is applied to the grid, it modulates the current flowing from the filament to the plate. The introduction of a third electrode, a grid between the filament and the plate, also yields another function. If the extra electrode (also called a "plate" or "anode") is made more positive than the hot filament, a direct current flows through the vacuum to the anode. When the bulb's filament is heated white–hot, electrons are boiled off its surface and into the vacuum inside the bulb. The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, is essentially an incandescent light bulb with an extra electrode inside. The container is often thin transparent glass in a roughly cylindrical shape. In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), thermionic valve, tube, or valve is a device controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container.
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